Determine any hereditary disease of the embryo. Amniocentesis It is technique of drawing-amniotic fluid and testing it to find out the sex and disorders of the foetus. The amniotic fluid is usually taken at about the fourteenth or fifteenth week after conception. Sonography (a technique involving high frequency sound waves to locate tissues of different densities within the body) is used to determine the location of the foetus and the placenta just prior to perform amniocentesis. Therefore, accidental damage to the foetus and placenta is prevented.

Amniotic fluid contains cell from the skin of the foetus and other sources. These cells can be used to determine the sex of the infant, to identify some abnormalities in the number of chromosomes and to detect certain biochemicals and enzymatic abnormalities.

If it is established that, if the child is likely to suffer from a serious increase congential detect, the mother should get the foetus aborted. However, these days, this technique is also being misused. Since, the sex of the foetus can be determined by this technique, normal female foetus is aborted. Therefore, this technique has been banned

Population growth rate is the annual average growth rate. It can be negative.

Birth rate replacement level can never be negative