What is the purpose of contraceptive pills?

$I$. They inhibit ovulation and implantation

$II$. They alter the quality of cervical mucous to prevent or retard the entry of sperms

$III$. They prevent the ejaculated semen from entering the female vagina

$IV$. They inhibit spermatogenesis

Location – function : $HIV$ Antigen and Amniotic bag

Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed there after:

$(1)$ Medical termination of pregency $(MTP)$ during first trimester is generally safe

$(2)$ Generally chances of conception are nil until mother breast-feeds the infant upto two years

$(3)$ Intrauterine devices like copper$-T$ are effective contraceptives

$(4)$ Contraception pills may be taken upto one week after coitus to prevent conception Which two of the above statements are correct?

$A$ : Use of condom is a safeguard against $AIDS$ and sexual diseases besides checking pregnancy.
$R$ : Certain contraceptive are planted under the skin of upper arm to prevent pregnancy.

Give full forms :

$1.$ $\rm {GIFT}$   $2.$ $\rm {IUDs}$   $3.$ $\rm {STD}$   $4.$ $\rm {ART}$   $5.$ $\rm {AFT}$