Give differences : Crossing over and Linkage
 

The percentage of crossing over will be more if

Morgan hybridised yellow-bodied, white-eyed females to brown-bodied, red-eyed males and intercrossed their $F_{1}$ progeny. He observed that

$(a)$ $F_{2}$ ratio was deviated very significantly from the $9 : 3 : 3 : 1$ ratio

$(b)$ Both genes did not segregate independently of each other

$(c)$ Recombinant types are not obtained in $F_{2}$ generation

$(d)$ Both genes segregate independently of each other

Select the correct set of statements :

The recombination frequency between the genes $a\, \& \, c$ is $5 \,\% \,, b\, \& \,c$ is $15 \,\%,\, b\, \& \,d$ is $9 \%, \,a\, \& \,b$ is $20 \%$ , $c\, \& \,d$ is $24 \%$ and $a \, \& \,d$ is $29 \%$. What will be the sequence of these genes on a linear chromosome? 

The experiment shown in the given figure has been carried out by Morgan to show the phenomenon of linkage and recombination. If in cross $I$, genes are tightly linked and in cross $II$, genes are loosely linked then what will be the percentage of recombinants produced in cross $I$ and cross $II$ respectively?