Submerged hydrophytes have commonly dissected leaves for

Simplified model of phosphorus cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem is given below. Identify $A, B, C$ and $D$

Plants like Rhizophora and Avecennia grow on the sea shores under saline condition. For this they have special roots for respiration which are called

Breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called

Find out the correct order of succession levels in xerarch.