…… is the vital link that ensures continuity of species between organisms of one generation and the next generation

Identify $X$ and $Y$ in given figure

$A$ – In several fungi and plants terms such as Homothalic.

$R$ – Dioecious are the terms used to describe unisexual condition.

Genetically identical progeny is produced when an individual

In a practical test, a student has to identify the organisms in which syngamy does not occur. In those organisms the female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilization. This phenomenon is called $"X"$. Identify the organisms and the phenomenon $"X".$