Assertion : The uptake of $DNA$ during transformation is an active, energy requiring process.

Reason : Transformation occurs in only those bacteria, which possess the enzymatic machinery involved in the active uptake and recombination

In addition to the human genome sequence, draft or finished genome sequences existed for eight model organisms by $2002$ . Which of the following organisms are not the part of that group of eight model organisms?

$c-DNA$ can be formed by

Separation of the two chromatids of a chromosome takes place in mitosis during

The total number of nitrogenous bases in human genome is estimated to be about