$\rightarrow$ Generally, monocotyledonous seeds are endospermic but some as in orchids are nonendospermic.

$\rightarrow$ In the seeds of cereals such as maize the seed coat is membranous and generally fused with the fruit wall.

$\rightarrow$ The endosperm is bulky and stores food. The outer most is hard.

$\rightarrow$ The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called aleurone layer. It is made up of either square or rectangle cells. Protein granules are stored in its cells.

$\rightarrow$ It encloses endosperm.

$\rightarrow$ The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm. It consists of one large and shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum and a short axis with a plumule and a radicle.

$\rightarrow$ The plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths which are called coleoptile and coleorhiza, respectively.