The following diagram showing restriction sites in $E$. coli cloning vector pBR322. Find the role of ' $X$ ' and ' $Y$ genes:

Which of the following statement is correct…….in the context of observing $DNA$ separated by agarose gel electrophoresis ?

$A$ : Disarmed Ti plasmid can be utilised as a shuttle vector.

$R$ : It can survive in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Select the option that excludes characteristics applicable to plasmids
$(a)$. Circular $DNA$
$(b)$. Linear $DNA$
$(c)$. Present in all bacteria
$(d)$. Contain essential genes
$(e)$. Extra chromosomal self-replicating

Mention the features that are required to facilitate cloning into a vector.