Definitions / Explanation : Homology & Adaptive radiation or divergent evolution

 

Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in environment brought about by anthropogentc action$?$

$(a)$ Darwin's Finches of Galapagos islands.

$(b)$ Herbicide resistant weeds.

$(c)$ Drug resistant eukaryotes.

$(d)$ Man$-$created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs.

Assertion : Natural selection is the outcome of difference in survival and reproduction among individuals that show variation in one or more traits.

Reason : Adaptive forms of a given trait tend to become more common; less adaptive ones become less common or disappear.

Given below are four statements $(A-­D)$ each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements. Statements :

$(A)$ Wings of butterfly and birds look alike andare the results of ___$(i)$___ evolution.

$(B)$ Miller showed that $CH_4 , H_2 , NH_3$ and ___$(i)$___ when exposed to electric discharge in a flaskresulted in formation of ___$(ii)$___ .

$(C)$ Vermiform appendix is a ___$(i)$___ organ and an ___$(ii)$___ evidence of evolution.

$(D)$ According to Darwin evolution took placedue to ___$(i)$___ and ___$(ii)$___ of the fittest.

Definitions / Explanation : Recapitulation theory or Biogenetic law & Palaeontology