One of the following atoms often limit the primary productivity of an ecosystem

Identify the correct type of food chain.

Dead animal $\rightarrow$ Blow flymaggots $\rightarrow$ Common frog $\rightarrow$ Snake

Transfer of energy from one trophic level to other trophic level is according to the second law of thermodynamics. The efficiency of energy transfer from herbivorous to carnivorous is

Nepenthes is a

Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs. With your knowledge about food chain, establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of ‘eating and being eaten’. What is this inter-linkage established known as ?

Algae, hydrilla, grasshopper, rat, squirrel, crow, maize plant, deer, rabbit, lizard, wolf, snake, peacock, phytoplankton, crustaceans, whale, tiger, lion, sparrow, duck, crane, cockroach, spider, toad, fish, leopard, elephant, goat, nymphae, spirogyra.

In ecological pyramid the base always represent the $...A...$ and the apex represents $...B...$ Here $A$ and $B$ represents