(c) : Temperate broad leaf (deciduous) forests have warm summer and moderately cool winter. Rainfall is $100 -250\ cm$. Dominant trees are oak, elm, birch, maple ash, chestnut, hickory, beech, poplar and Magnolia. Indian temperate broad leaves forests are dominated by oak like Quercus semecarpifolia (Brown oak of Himalayas, Khrsu oak), Q.floribunda (Tilonaj oak), Q.lanuginose (Rianj oak) and Q.leucotrichophora (Banj oak). Fauna of latitudinal temperate broad leaf forests consists of deer, fox, beaver, wild cat, racoon etc.