In Lathyrus odoratus, hybrid blue flowered and long pollen plant is test crossed with homozygous recessive red flowered and round pollen plant then how many parental types are obtained when genes are present in cis stage in parents?

$A$ : One drum stick per nucleus is present in the neutrophil of normal female.
$R$ : It is absent in the neutrophil of male

A tobacco plant which is heterozygous for albinism $(a\, recessive\,character)$ is self pollinated if $1200$ seeds are subsequently germinated, how many of the seedlings would have the parental genotype

Which one of the following is a physical factor that induce mutation?