Composition and structure of communities constantly change in response the changing environmental conditions. These changes lead finally to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and that is called a…….

Give various ecological services.

For recycling of materials which one is most necessary

Given below is a simplified model ofphosphorus cycling in a terrestrial ecosystemwith four blanks $(A-D)$.Identify the blanks.

Plant successions occurring in a sandy area is