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The idea of mutations was brought forth by
Hugo de Vries who worked on evening primrose
Gregor Mendel who worked on Pisum sativum
Hardy Weinberg who worked on allele frequencies in a population
Charles Darwin who observed a wide variety of organisms during sea voyage.
Solution
(a) : The term mutation was coined by Hugo de Vries $(1901)$ for large spontaneous inheritable changes which occur suddenly in naturally reproducing population. He also proposed mutation theory of evolution in his book “The Mutation Theory” published in $1903$ in which he put forth that evolution occurred due to large discontinuous variations. He worked on Oenothera lamarckiana or evening primrose. During his experiments he found $834$ mutations in a population of $54343$ plants. It was later on found that the mutations observed by Hugo de Vries were actually chromosomal aberrations.
