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The leaf colour of certain plants is controlled by one gene. For that gene, the allele $G =$ orange and $g =$ green. You have a plant with orange leaves, but do not know whether that plant's genotype is $GG$ or $Gg.$
If you cross your unknown plant with one of the plants whose genotype is listed below, you will be able to determine your unknown's genotype. With which plant would you cross it?
$GG$
$gg$
$Gg$
Either of parents
Solution
To know the genotype of dominant phenotype, we will cross that plant with the respective recessive phenotype. This is called test cross.
Crossing of $F_{1}$ (dominant phenotype) to any one of the parent called back cross and when phenotype of crossing parent is recessive than this is called test cross. The progeny of such cross can easily be analysed to predict the genotype of test organism
