If in a plant cells the ribosomes are destroyed, which of the following process will not take place

In order to calculate map distance of genes on a chromosome, one must know the

Initiation codon of protein synthesis (in eukaryotes) is

Histone occupies the major grooves of $DNA$ at an angle of

$A$ : $SNPs$-pronounced "snips" are common in human genome.
$R$ : It is minute variations that occurs at a frequency of one in every $300$ bases