What are pathogens ?
What are pathogens ?
A wide range of organisms belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths, etc., could cause disease in man.
Such disease causing organisms are called pathogens.
$=$ Most parasites are therefore pathogens as they cause harm to the host by living in or on them. Pathogens can enter the body through various means, multiply and interfere with normal vital activities, which results in morphological and functional damage.
Pathogens must have the ability to adapt to life within the environment of the host.
For example, pathogens entering gut must know how to survive in stomach at low $\mathrm{pH}$ and resisting the various digestive enzymes.
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Passive immunity can be obtained by injecting
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For an organ transplant, it is an advantage to have an identical twin. Why ?
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The immunity obtained after the body has recovered from a disease is
The immunity obtained after the body has recovered from a disease is
Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
$(a)$ Innate and acquired immunity
$(b)$ Active and passive immunity
Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
$(a)$ Innate and acquired immunity
$(b)$ Active and passive immunity
Consider the following statements
$I.$ People should get vaccination to avoid infection
$II.$ Vaccination is available against polio, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis and many othe disease
$III.$ Eradication of vectors are necessary in diseases like malaria and filariasis
$IV. $ Dengue and chikengunya, both are spread by Culex mosquitoes
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Consider the following statements
$I.$ People should get vaccination to avoid infection
$II.$ Vaccination is available against polio, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis and many othe disease
$III.$ Eradication of vectors are necessary in diseases like malaria and filariasis
$IV. $ Dengue and chikengunya, both are spread by Culex mosquitoes
Which of the statements given above are correct?