$DNA$ fingerprinting ( $=$ $DNA$ typing $=$ $DNA$ profiling $=$ genetic fingerprinting) was invented by Sir Alec jeffreys of $UK$ in $1985$ . It is a technique to identify a person on the basis of his or her $DNA$ specificity. During this technique, the dark bands on$ X-$ray film present the $DNA$ fingerprint ($=\; DNA$ profiles). It is very helpful in identifying criminals of rape/murder (using blood/semen/hair) as well as for settling matters related to parentage and paternity.