While creation and presence of variation is directionless, natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.
Creation and variation occur in a sexually reproducing population as a result of crossing over during meiosis and random fusion of gametes.
Chance of arrangement of bivalents, hybridization, physical and chemical mutagens, genetic drift also creates variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
It is however the organisms that are selected over a period of time which are determined by the environmental conditions.
In other words, the environment provides the direction with respect to adaptations.
So that the organisms are more and more fit in terms of survival.
As per modern synthetic theory organic evolution depends upon
$A$ : Mutations are non-directional.
$R$ : Darwin’s small variations are directional.
Darwin fail to give explanation about