A female fig wasp enters the syconium of a fig, pollinates the flowers and lays eggs in the ovaries of some of the flowers. The young larvae grow up, eat (and kill) some, but not all of the seeds and complete their life cycle.

The fig is completely dependent on fig wasps to pollinate its flowers and the fig wasp requires figs to complete its life cycle

The interaction between figs and fig wasps has aspects of

$I.$ mutualism

$II.$ host-parasite interaction

$III.$ competition

$IV.$ ammensalism

$V.$ protocooperation

Select the correct option

Which of the following is an example of a defence used by plants against herbivores?

$I.$ Production of caffeine, tannin quinine

$II.$ More production of non-woody tissues

$III.$ Productions of hairs, thorns, spines

$IV.$ Production of hormone-like chemicals that interfere with insect metamorphosis

Select the correct pair

Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to Predation?

Find odd one out, according to parasitism.

American lakes visiting flamingoes and resident fishes compete for their common food ...$A$... in the lake resources ...$B$... limiting for competition to occur; in interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one species might be ...$C$... due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources (food and space) are abundant

Choose the correct option for $A , B$ and $C$

One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that