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A man is standing on top of a building $100\, m$ high. He throws two balls vertically, one at $t = 0$ and after a time interval (less than $2\,\sec $). The later ball is thrown at a velocity of half the first. The vertical gap between first and second ball is $+15\, m$ at $t = 2\,\sec $. The gap is found to remain constant. Calculate the velocity with which the balls were thrown and the exact time interval between their throw.
Solution
Let the speeds of the two balls $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$ respectively.
If $v_{2}=v$, then $v_{1}=2 v$
If $y_{1}$ and $y_{2}$ are the distance covered by the balls respectively before coming to rest, then
$y_{1}=\frac{v_{1}^{2}}{2 g}=\frac{4 v^{2}}{2 g} \text { and } y_{2}=\frac{v_{2}^{2}}{2 g}=\frac{v^{2}}{2 g}$
$y_{1}-y_{2}=15 \mathrm{~m}$
$\frac{4 v^{2}}{2 g}-\frac{v^{2}}{2 g}=15 \mathrm{~m}$
$\frac{3 v^{2}}{2 g}=15 \mathrm{~m}$
$\therefore v^{2}=\sqrt{5 \mathrm{~m} \times(2 \times 10)} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}$
$\therefore v=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$
$\therefore v_{2}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ and $v_{1}=20 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$
Now, $y_{1}=\frac{v_{1}^{2}}{2 g}=\frac{(20 \mathrm{~m})^{2}}{2 \times 10 \mathrm{~m} 15}=20 \mathrm{~m}$
$y_{2}=y_{1}-15 \mathrm{~m}=5 \mathrm{~m}$
If $t_{2}$ is the time taken by the ball 2 to cover a distance of $5 \mathrm{~m}$, then,
From $y_{2}=v_{2} t-\frac{1}{2} g t_{2}^{2}$
$ 5=10 t_{2}-5 t_{2}^{2} \text { or } t_{2}^{2}-2 t_{2}+1=0$
$\therefore t_{2}=1 \mathrm{~s}$
Now, $t_{1}$ (time taken by ball 1 to cover distance of $20 \mathrm{~m}$ ) is $2 \mathrm{~s}$, time interval between the two throws $=t_{1}-t_{2}=2 \mathrm{~s}-1 \mathrm{~s}=1 \mathrm{~s}$