Consider the force $F$ on a charge $'q'$ due to a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius $R$ carrying charge $Q$ distributed uniformly over it. Which one of the following statements is true for $F,$ if $'q'$ is placed at distance $r$ from the centre of the shell $?$

The volume charge density of a sphere of radius $6 \,m$ is $2 \,\mu cm ^{-3}$. The number of lines of force per unit surface area coming out from the surface of the sphere is $....\times 10^{10}\, NC ^{-1}$.  [Given : Permittivity of vacuum  $\left.\epsilon_{0}=8.85 \times 10^{-12} C ^{2} N ^{-1}- m ^{-2}\right]$

Consider a sphere of radius $R$ with charge density distributed as :

$\rho(r) =k r$,    $r \leq R $

           $=0$ for  $r> R$.

$(a)$ Find the electric field at all points $r$.

$(b)$ Suppose the total charge on the sphere is $2e$ where e is the electron charge. Where can two protons be embedded such that the force on each of them is zero. Assume that the introduction of the proton does not alter the negative charge distribution.

Let there be a spherically symmetric charge distribution with charge density varying as $\rho (r)=\;\rho _0\left( {\frac{5}{4} - \frac{r}{R}} \right)$, upto $r = R$ ,and $\rho (r) = 0$ for $r > R$ , where $r$ is the distance from the origin. The electric field at a distance $r(r < R)$ from the origin is given by

A hollow metal sphere of radius $R$ is uniformly charged. The electric field due to the sphere at a distance r from the centre