Explain ionization enthalpy and electro-negativity for elements of Boron family.
Ionization enthalpy : The ionisation enthalpy values as expected from the general trends do not decrease smoothly down the group. The decrease from $B$ to $Al$ is associated with increased in size.
The observed discontinuity in the ionisation enthalpy values between $\mathrm{Al}$ and $Ga$ and between In and $\mathrm{Tl}$ are due to inability of $d$ - and $f$-electrons, which have low screening effect, to compensate the increase in nuclear charge. The order of ionisation enthalpies, as expected, is $\Delta_{i} \mathrm{H}_{1}<\Delta_{i} \mathrm{H}_{2}<\Delta_{i} \mathrm{H}_{3} .$
Electronegativity : Down the group, electro-negativity first decreases from $B$ to $Al$ and then increases marginally. This is because of the discrepancies in atomic size of the elements.
How can you explain higher stability of $BCl_3$ as compared to $TlCl_3$?
Which is true for an element $R$ present in III group of the periodic table
Which of the following compounds is formed by addition of mineral acid to an aqueous solution of borax ?
$B{\left( {OH} \right)_3} + NaOH \to NaB{O_2} + Na\left[ {B{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right] + {H_2}O$
How can this reaction is made to proceed in forward direction?
The tendency to form monovalent compounds among the Group $13$ elements is correctly exhibited in :