Given below are two statements:

Statement $I:$ Gause's 'Competitive Exclusion Principle' states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.

Statement $II:$ In general, carnivores are more adversely affected by competition than herbivores.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that

When one organism is benefitted without affecting the others is called

Which of the following is an example of a defence used by plants against herbivores?

$I.$ Production of caffeine, tannin quinine

$II.$ More production of non-woody tissues

$III.$ Productions of hairs, thorns, spines

$IV.$ Production of hormone-like chemicals that interfere with insect metamorphosis

Select the correct pair

In an aqueous environment, the microscopic animals are collectively called

Choose correct group for commensalism from the following

$(a)$ The cattle egret and grazing cattle

$(b)$ Barnacle balanus and Barnacle chathamalus

$(c)$ Goat and Abingdon turtle from Galapagosisland

$(d)$ Barnacles growing on the back of whale