In the figure shown the electric potential energy of the system is: ( $q$ is at the centre of the conducting neutral spherical shell of inner radius $a$ and outer radius $b$ )

A particle of charge $q$ and mass $m$ is subjected to an electric field $E = E _{0}\left(1- ax ^{2}\right)$ in the $x-$direction, where $a$ and $E _{0}$ are constants. Initially the particle was at rest at $x=0 .$ Other than the initial position the kinetic energy of the particle becomes zero when the distance of the particle from the origin is

This questions has statement$-1$ and statement$-2$. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describe the two statements.
An insulating solid sphere of radius $R$ has a uniformly
positive charge density $\rho$. As a result of this uniform charge distribution there is a finite value of electric potential at the centre of the sphere, at the surface of the sphere and also at a point out side the sphere. The electric potential at infinite is zero.

Statement$ -1$ : When a charge $q$ is take from the centre of the surface of the sphere its potential energy changes by  $\frac{{q\rho }}{{3{\varepsilon _0}}}$

Statement$ -2$ : The electric field at a distance $r(r < R)$  from centre of the sphere is $\frac{{\rho r}}{{3{\varepsilon _0}}}$

Why gravitational forces or spring forces are conservative forces ?

Six charges $+ q ,- q ,+ q ,- q ,+ q$ and $- q$ are fixed at the corners of a hexagon of side $d$ as shown in the figure. The work done in bringing a charge $q _0$ to the centre of the hexagon from infinity is :$\left(\varepsilon_0-\right.$ permittivity of free space)

The work done in carrying a charge of $5\,\mu \,C$ from a point $A$ to a point $B$ in an electric field is $10\,mJ$. The potential difference $({V_B} - {V_A})$ is then