An alpha nucleus of energy $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ bombards a heavy nuclear target of charge $Ze.$ Then the distance of closest approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to

Choose the correct alternative from the clues given at the end of the each statement:

$(a)$ The size of the atom in Thomson’s model is ………. the atomic size in Rutherford’s model. (much greater than/no different from/much less than.)

$(b)$ In the ground state of ………. electrons are in stable equilibrium, while in ………. electrons always experience a net force. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)

$(c)$ A classical atom based on ………. is doomed to collapse. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)

$(d)$ An atom has a nearly continuous mass distribution in a ………. but has a highly non-uniform mass distribution in ………. (Thomson’s model/ Rutherford’s model.)

$(e)$ The positively charged part of the atom possesses most of the mass in ………. (Rutherford’s model/both the models.)

In 1911 , the physicist Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms have a tiny, dense nucleus by shooting positively charged particles at a very thin gold foil. A key physical property which led Rutherford to use gold was that it was

State the dimension of the nucleus from Rutherford experiment. 

Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil. (Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below $14\; K$.) What results do you expect?