Two vessels of different materials are similar in size in every respect. The same quantity of ice filled in them gets melted in $20$ minutes and $40$ minutes respectively. The ratio of thermal conductivities of the materials is 

Two rods one made of copper and other made of steel of the same length and same cross sectional area are joined together. The thermal conductivity of copper and steel are $385\,J\,s ^{-1}\,K ^{-1}\,m ^{-1}$ and $50\,J\,s ^{-1}\,K ^{-1}\,m ^{-1}$ respectively. The free ends of copper and steel are held at $100^{\circ}\,C$ and $0^{\circ}\,C$ respectively. The temperature at the junction is, nearly $.......^{\circ}\,C$

Ice starts forming in lake with water at ${0^o}C$ and when the atmospheric temperature is $ - {10^o}C$. If the time taken for $1 \;cm$ of ice be $7$ hours, then the time taken for the thickness of ice to change from $1\; cm$ to $2\; cm$ is

Temperature difference of $120\,^oC$ is maintained between two ends of a uniform rod $AB$ of length $2L$. Another bent rod $PQ$, of same cross-section as $AB$ and length $\frac{{3L}}{2}$,  is connected across $AB$ (See figure). In steady state, temperature difference between $P$ and $Q$ will be close to .......... $^oC$

A rod of length $L$ with sides fully insulated is of a material whose thermal conductivity varies with $\alpha$ temperature as $ K= \frac{\alpha }{T}$, where $\alpha$ is a constant. The ends of the rod are kept at temperature $T_1$ and $T_2$. The temperature $T$ at $x,$ where $x$ is the distance from the end whose temperature is $T_1$ is 

Three very large plates of same area are kept parallel and close to each other. They are considered as ideal black surfaces and have very high thermal conductivity. The first and third plates are maintained at temperatures $2T$ and $3T$ respectively. The temperature of the middle (i.e. second) plate under steady state condition is