You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch.
$(a)$ How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals ?
$(b)$ Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-metals.
You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
What chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide ?
In the electrolytic refining of a metal $M$, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte ?
$(i)$ Write the electron-dot structures for sodium. oxygen and magnesium.
$(ii)$ Show the formation of $Na _{2} O$ and $MgO$ by the transfer of electrons.
$(iii)$ What are the ions present in these compounds ?