What is polyprotic acid ? Give examples of polyprotic acid and its ionization. 

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Polyprotic acid : The acids which have more than one ionizable proton per molecule of the acid. Such acids are known as polybasic or polyprotic acids.

Diprotic acid: The acid which have two ionizable proton per molecule of the acid. Such acids are known as Dibasic or Diprotic acid.

e.g., $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}+$ (aq) $+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{X}^{2-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$

The ionization of the reaction is in two steps is as under,

$(i)$ $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+\mathrm{HX}^{-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(i)$

$(ii)$ $\mathrm{HX}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+\mathrm{X}^{2-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$

In it, $\mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(i)$ $>\mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$ and $\mathrm{K}_{a}$ (i) $\times \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$ $=\mathrm{K}_{a}$

Examples of diprotic acid : Oxalic acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)$, Sulphuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)$, Carbonic acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)$, Sulphurous acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)$, Ascorbic acid etc.

Examples of triprotic acid : Phosphoric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)$, Cytaric acid.... etc.

In polyprotic acid solution constant mixture of acid like $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~A}, \mathrm{HA}^{-}$and $\mathrm{A}^{2-}$.

Similar Questions

Given

$(i)$ $\begin{gathered}
  HCN\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \rightleftharpoons {H_3}{O^ + }\left( {aq} \right) + C{N^ - }\left( {aq} \right) \hfill \\
  {K_a} = 6.2 \times {10^{ - 10}} \hfill \\ 
\end{gathered} $

$(ii)$ $\begin{gathered}
  C{N^ - }\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \rightleftharpoons HCN\left( {aq} \right) + O{H^ - }\left( {aq} \right) \hfill \\
  {K_b} = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 5}} \hfill \\ 
\end{gathered} $

These equilibria show the following order of the relative base strength

  • [AIEEE 2012]

When $100 \ mL$ of $1.0 \ M \ HCl$ was mixed with $100 \ mL$ of $1.0 \ M \ NaOH$ in an insulated beaker at constant pressure, a temperature increase of $5.7^{\circ} C$ was measured for the beaker and its contents (Expt. $1$). Because the enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base is a constant $\left(-57.0 \ kJ \ mol ^{-1}\right)$, this experiment could be used to measure the calorimeter constant. In a second experiment (Expt. $2$), $100 \ mL$ of $2.0 \ M$ acetic acid $\left(K_a=2.0 \times 10^{-5}\right)$ was mixed with $100 \ mL$ of $1.0 M \ NaOH$ (under identical conditions to Expt. $1$) where a temperature rise of $5.6^{\circ} C$ was measured.

(Consider heat capacity of all solutions as $4.2 J g ^{-1} K ^{-1}$ and density of all solutions as $1.0 \ g mL ^{-1}$ )

$1.$ Enthalpy of dissociation (in $kJ mol ^{-1}$ ) of acetic acid obtained from the Expt. $2$ is

$(A)$ $1.0$ $(B)$ $10.0$ $(C)$ $24.5$ $(D)$ $51.4$

$2.$ The $pH$ of the solution after Expt. $2$ is

$(A)$ $2.8$ $(B)$ $4.7$ $(C)$ $5.0$ $(D)$ $7.0$

Give the answer question $1$ and $2.$

  • [IIT 2015]

Write examples of weak acids and weak bases and give ionic equilibrium in its aqueous solution.

The degree of dissociation of $0.1\,M\,HCN$ solution is $0.01\%$ . Its ionisation constant would be

The dissociation constant of an acid $HA$  is $1 \times {10^{ - 5}}$. The $pH$ of $0.1$ molar solution of the acid will be