What is polyprotic acid ? Give examples of polyprotic acid and its ionization.
Polyprotic acid : The acids which have more than one ionizable proton per molecule of the acid. Such acids are known as polybasic or polyprotic acids.
Diprotic acid: The acid which have two ionizable proton per molecule of the acid. Such acids are known as Dibasic or Diprotic acid.
e.g., $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}+$ (aq) $+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+\mathrm{X}^{2-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$
The ionization of the reaction is in two steps is as under,
$(i)$ $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+\mathrm{HX}^{-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(i)$
$(ii)$ $\mathrm{HX}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}+\mathrm{X}^{2-} \quad \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$
In it, $\mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(i)$ $>\mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$ and $\mathrm{K}_{a}$ (i) $\times \mathrm{K}_{a}$ $(ii)$ $=\mathrm{K}_{a}$
Examples of diprotic acid : Oxalic acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)$, Sulphuric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)$, Carbonic acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)$, Sulphurous acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)$, Ascorbic acid etc.
Examples of triprotic acid : Phosphoric acid $\left(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)$, Cytaric acid.... etc.
In polyprotic acid solution constant mixture of acid like $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~A}, \mathrm{HA}^{-}$and $\mathrm{A}^{2-}$.
The first and second dissociation constants of an acid $H_2A$ are $1.0 \times 10^{-5}$ and $5.0 \times 10^{-10}$ respectively. The overall dissociation constant of the acid will be
A weak monoprotic acid of $0.1\, M,$ ionizes to $1\% $ in solution. What will be the $pH $ of solution
The degree of ionization of a $0.1 \,M$ bromoacetic acid solution is $0.132$ Calculate the $pH$ of the solution and the $p K_{ a }$ of bromoacetic acid.
A weak acid, $HA,$ has a $K_a$ of $1.00 \times 10^{-5}.$ If $0.100 \,mol$ of this acid is dissolved in one litreof water, the percentage of acid dissociated at equilibrium is closest to.....$\%$
Heat of neutralisation of weak acid and strong base is less than the heat of neutralisation of strong acid and strong base due to