Which of the following particles are constituents of the nucleus

$STATEMENT-1$: The plot of atomic number ( $\mathrm{y}$-axis) versus number of neutrons ( $\mathrm{x}$-axis) for stable nuclei shows a curvature towards $x$-axis from the line of $45^{\circ}$ slope as the atomic number is increased. and  $STATEMENT-2$: Proton-proton electrostatic repulsions begin to overcome attractive forces involving protons and neutrons and neutrons in heavier nuclides.

The force acting between proton and proton inside the nucleus is

Assertion : The binding energy per nucleon, for nuclei with atomic mass number $A > 100$, decreases with $A$.

Reason : The nuclear forces are weak for heavier nuclei.

The ratio of the density of oxygen nucleus $\left({ }_8^{16} O \right)$ and helium nucleus $\left({ }_2^4 He \right)$ is

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$

Assertion $A:$ The binding energy per nucleon is practically independent of the atomic number for nuclei of mass number in the range $30$ to $170$.

Reason $R$ : Nuclear force is short ranged.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below on