(b) :Conservation of biodiversity is a collective responsibility of all nations. The historic Convention on Biological Diversity (‘The Earth Summit’) held in Rio de Janeiro in $1992$, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In a follow­up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in $2002$ in Johannesburg, South Africa, $190$ countries pledged their commitment to achieve by $2010$, a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels.