$A$ : Cattle or goat never graze on Calotropis.
$R$ : Thorns are present as a morphological means of defence

Predators also help in …$A$… species diversity in a community, by … $B$… the intensity of competition among competing prey species. Here $A$ and $B$ can be

Epiphyte is an example of

Lianas are vascular plants rooted in the ground and maintain erectness of their stem by making use of other trees for support. They do not maintain direct relation with those trees. Discuss the type of association the lianas have with the trees.