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$K _{ a_1,}, K _{ a_2 }$ and $K _{ a_3}$ are the respective ionization constants for the following reactions $(a), (b),$ and $(c)$.
$(a)$ $H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ HC _{2} O _{4}^{-}$
$(b)$ $HC _{2} O _{4}^{-} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ HC _{2} O _{4}^{2-}$
$(c)$ $H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons 2 H ^{+}+ C _{2} O _{4}^{2-}$
The relationship between $K_{a_{1}}, K_{ a _{2}}$ and $K_{ a _{3}}$ is given as
$K_{ a _{3}}= K _{ a _{1}}+ K _{ a _{2}}$
$K_{a_{a_{3}}}=K_{a_{1}}-K_{a_{2_{2}}}$
$K _{ a _{1}}= K _{ z _{1}} / K _{ s _{2}}$
$K _{ a _{3}}= K _{ a _{1}} \times K _{ s _{2}}$
Solution
$H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ HC _{2} O _{4}^{-} K _{ a _{1}}$
$H _{2} C _{2} O _{4}^{-} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ C _{2} O _{4}^{2-} K _{ a _{2}}$
$H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons 2 H ^{+}+ C _{2} O _{4}^{2-} K _{ a _{1}}= K _{ a _{1}} \times K _{ a _{2}}$
