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A constant force acting on a body of mass $3.0\; kg$ changes its speed from $2.0\; m s ^{-1}$ to $3.5\; m s ^{-1}$ in $25\; s$. The direction of the motion of the body remains unchanged. What is the magnitude and direction of the force?
Solution
$0.18 \,N ;$ in the direction of motion of the body
Mass of the body, $m=3 \,kg$
Initial speed of the body, $u=2\, m / s$
Final speed of the body, $v=3.5 \,m / s$
Time, $t=25 \,s$
Using the first equation of motion, the acceleration ( $a$ ) produced in the body can
be calculated as: $v=u+a t$
$\therefore a=\frac{v-u}{t}$
$=\frac{3.5-2}{25}=\frac{1.5}{25}=0.06\, m / s ^{2}$
As per Newton's second law of motion, force is given as:
$F=m a$
$=3 \times 0.06=0.18\, N$
since the application of force does not change the direction of the body, the net force acting on the body is in the direction of its motion.