A parent nucleus $X$ is decaying into daughter nucleus $Y$ which in turn decays to $Z$. The half lives of $X$ and $Y$ are $40000 \,yr$ and $20 \,yr$, respectively. In a certain sample, it is found that the number of $Y$ nuclei hardly changes with time. If the number of $X$ nuclei in the sample is $4 \times 10^{20}$, the number of $Y$ nuclei present in it is
$2 \times 10^{17}$
$2 \times 10^{20}$
$4 \times 10^{23}$
$4 \times 10^{20}$
Carbon dating is best suited for determining the age of fossils if their age in years is of the order of
The relation between $\lambda $ and $({T_{1/2}})$ is (${T_{1/2}}=$ half life, $\lambda=$ decay constant)
Given below are two statements :
Statement $I:$ The law of radioactive decay states that the number of nuclei undergoing the decay per unit time is inversely proportional to the total number of nuclei in the sample.
Statement $II:$ The half life of a radionuclide is the sum of the life time of all nuclei, divided by the initial concentration of the nuclei at time $t =0$.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
$99 \%$ of a radioactive element will decay between