A solid expands upon heating because
the potential energy of interaction between atoms in the solid is asymmetric about the equilibrium positions of atoms
the frequency of vibration of the atoms increases
the heating generates a thermal gradient between opposite sides
a fluid called the caloric flows into the interatomic spacing of the solid during heating there by expanding it
A steel rod of length $\ell$, cross sectional area $A$, young's modulus of elasticity $Y$, and thermal coefficient of linear expansion $'a'$ is heated so that its temperature increases by $t\,^oC$. Work that can be done by rod on heating will be
Wires $A$ and $B$ are made from the same material. $A$ has twice the diameter and three times the length of $B.$ If the elastic limits are not reached, when each is stretched by the same tension, the ratio of energy stored in $A$ to that in $B$ is
Two wires of same diameter of the same material having the length $l$ and $2l.$ If the force $ F$ is applied on each, the ratio of the work done in the two wires will be
When a force is applied on a wire of uniform cross-sectional area $3 \times {10^{ - 6}}\,{m^2}$ and length $4m$, the increase in length is $1\, mm.$ Energy stored in it will be $(Y = 2 \times {10^{11}}\,N/{m^2})$
A metal wire having Poisson's ratio $1 / 4$ and Young's modulus $8 \times 10^{10} \,N / m ^2$ is stretched by a force, which produces a lateral strain of $0.02 \%$ in it. The elastic potential energy stored per unit volume in wire is [in $\left.J / m ^3\right]$