A wire is stretched by $0.01$ $m$ by a certain force $F.$ Another wire of same material whose diameter and length are double to the original wire is stretched by the same force. Then its elongation will be

$A$ rod of length $1000\, mm$ and coefficient of linear expansion $a = 10^{-4}$ per degree is placed symmetrically between fixed walls separated by $1001\, mm$. The Young’s modulus of the rod is $10^{11} N/m^2$. If the temperature is increased by $20^o C$, then the stress developed in the rod is ........... $MPa$

A wire of length $2\, m$ is made from $10\;c{m^3}$ of copper. A force $F$ is applied so that its length increases by $2\, mm.$ Another wire of length 8 m is made from the same volume of copper. If the force $F$ is applied to it, its length will increase by......... $cm$

A wire of area of cross-section $10^{-6}\,m^2$ is increased in length by $0.1\%$. The tension produced is $1000\, N$. The Young's modulus of wire is

In nature the failure of structural members usually result from large torque because of twisting or bending rather than due to tensile or compressive strains. This process of structural breakdown is called buckling and in cases of tall cylindrical structures like trees, the torque is caused by its own weight bending the structure. Thus, the vertical through the centre of gravity does not fall withinthe  base. The elastic torque caused because of this bending about the central axis of the tree is given by $\frac{{Y\pi {r^4}}}{{4R}}$ $Y$ is the Young’s modulus, $r$ is the radius of the trunk and $R$ is the radius of curvature of the bent surface along the height of the tree containing the centre of gravity (the neutral surface). Estimate the critical height of a tree for a given radius of the trunk.

Read the following two statements below carefully and state, with reasons, if it is true or false.

$(a)$ The Young’s modulus of rubber is greater than that of steel;

$(b)$ The stretching of a coil is determined by its shear modulus.