Describe the shapes of $BF_3$ and $BH_4^-$. Assign the hybridisation of boron in these species.
Describe the shapes of $BF_3$ and $BH_4^-$. Assign the hybridisation of boron in these species.
$(i)$ $\mathrm{BF}_{3}:$ As a result of its small size and high electro-negativity, boron tends to form monomeric covalent halides. These halides have a planar triangular geometry.
This triangular shape is formed by the overlap of three $s p^{2}$ hybridised orbitals of boron with the $s p$ orbitals of three halogen atoms. Boron is $s p^{2}$ hybridised in $\mathrm{BF}_{3}$.
$(ii)$ $\mathrm{BH}_{4}^{-}$: Boron-hydride ion $\left(\mathrm{BH}_{4}^{-}\right)$is formed by the $s p^{3}$ hybridisation of boron orbitals. Therefore, it is tetrahedral in structure.
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Assertion : Atomic radius of gallium is higher than that of aluminium
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- [AIIMS 2017]
Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite?
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$(C)$ $CO _2$ is evolved at the anode during electrolysis.
$(D)$ The cathode is a steel vessel with a lining of carbon.
Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite?
$(A)$ Hydrated $Al _2 O _3$ precipitates, when $CO _2$ is bubbled through a solution of sodium aluminate.
$(B)$ Addition of $Na _3 AlF _6$ lowers the melting point of alumina.
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$(D)$ The cathode is a steel vessel with a lining of carbon.
- [IIT 2020]
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For the electrolytic production of aluminium, $(i)$ the cathode and $(ii)$ the anode are made of
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