Three concentric metallic spherical shells of radii $R, 2R, 3R$, are given charges $Q_1, Q_2, Q_3$, respectively. It is found that the surface charge densities on the outer surfaces of the shells are equal. Then, the ratio of the charges given to the shells, $Q_1 : Q_2 : Q_3$ is

The vehicles carrying inflammable fluids usually have metallic chains touching the ground:

Two concentric hollow conducting spheres of radius $r$ and $R$ are shown. The charge on outer shell is $Q$. What charge should be given to inner sphere so that the potential at any point $P$ outside the outer sphere is zero?

The magnitude of electric field on the surface of a uniformly charged metalic spherical shell is $E$. If a hole is made in it using a insulating device, then the magnitude of electric field in the hole will be

Two isolated metallic solid spheres of radii $R$ and $2 R$ are charged such that both have same charge density $\sigma$. The spheres are then connected by a thin conducting wire. If the new charge density of the bigger sphere is $\sigma^{\prime}$. The ratio $\frac{\sigma^{\prime}}{\sigma}$ is

The electric field near a conducting surface having a uniform surface charge density $\sigma $ is given by