When a rod is heated but prevented from expanding, the stress developed is independent of

A steel rod of diameter $1\,cm$ is clamped firmly at each end when its temperature is $25\,^oC$ so that it cannot contract on cooling. The tension in the rod at $0\,^oC$ is approximately ......... $N$ $(\alpha = 10^{-5}/\,^oC,\,\,Y = 2 \times 10^{11}\,N/m^2)$

Calculate the stress developed inside a tooth cavity filled with copper when hot tea at temperature of $57\,^oC$ is drunk. You can take body (tooth) temperature to be $37\,^oC$ and $\alpha = 1.7 \times  10^{-5}/^oC$, bulk modulus for copper $ = 140 \times 10^9\, N/m^2 $.

We would like to prepare a scale whose length does not change with temperature. It is proposed to prepare a unit scale of this type whose length remains, say $10\, cm$ We can use a bimetallic strip made of brass and iron each of different length whose length (both components) would change in such a way that difference between their lengths remain constant. If  ${\alpha _{iron}}$ $= 1.2 \times 10^{-5}\,K^{-1}$ and ${\alpha _{brass}}$ $= 1.8 \times 10^{-5}\,K^{-1}$ what should we take as length of each strip ?

A non-isotropic solid metal cube has coefficients of linear expansion as:

$5 \times 10^{-5} /^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ along the $\mathrm{x}$ -axis and $5 \times 10^{-6} /^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ along the $y$ and the $z-$axis. If the coefficient of volume expansion of the solid is $\mathrm{C} \times 10^{-6} /^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ then the value of $\mathrm{C}$ is

What is thermal expansion ? Write only its types.