When subjected to a transverse electric field, cathode rays move

Answer the following questions:

$(a)$ guarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carry fractional charges $[(+2 / 3) e ; (-1 / 3) e] .$ Why do they not show up in Millikan's oil-drop experiment?

$(b)$ What is so special about the combination $e / m ?$ Why do we not simply talk of $e$ and $m$ separately?

$(c)$ Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and start conducting at very low pressures?

$(d)$ Every metal has a definite work function. Why do all photoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incident radiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distribution of photoelectrons?

$(e)$ The energy and momentum of an electron are related to the frequency and wavelength of the assoctated matter wave by the relations:

$E=h v, p=\frac{h}{\lambda}$

But while the value of $\lambda$ is physically significant, the value of $v$ (and therefore, the value of the phase speed $v \lambda$ ) has no physical significance. Why?

Positive rays was discovered by

From the following, what charges can be present on oil drops in Millikan's experiment

(Here e is the electronic charge)

Define work function of metal and write its unit. 

When electron beam passes through an electric field, they gain kinetic energy. If the same beam passes through magnetic field, then