Let $\Delta, \nabla \in\{\wedge, \vee\}$ be such that $p \nabla q \Rightarrow(( p \nabla$q) $\nabla r$ ) is a tautology. Then (p $\nabla q ) \Delta r$ is logically equivalent to

Consider the following statements:

$P :$ Ramu is intelligent

$Q $: Ramu is rich

$R:$ Ramu is not honest

The negation of the statement "Ramu is intelligent and honest if and only if Ramu is not rich" can be expressed as.

The statement $p \rightarrow  (q \rightarrow p)$  is equivalent to

Which of the following is an open statement

The inverse of the proposition $(p\; \wedge \sim q) \Rightarrow r$ is