A die marked $1,\,2,\,3$ in red and $4,\,5,\,6$ in green is tossed. Let $A$ be the event, $'$ the number is even,$'$ and $B$ be the event, 'the number is red'. Are $A$ and $B$ independent?
A die marked $1,\,2,\,3$ in red and $4,\,5,\,6$ in green is tossed. Let $A$ be the event, $'$ the number is even,$'$ and $B$ be the event, 'the number is red'. Are $A$ and $B$ independent?
When a die is thrown, the sample space ( $S$ ) is
$\mathrm{S}=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}$
Let $A:$ the number is even $=\{2,4,6\}$
$\Rightarrow P(A)=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$
$B:$ the number is red $=\{1,2,3\}$
$\Rightarrow P(B)=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$
$\therefore $ $A \cap B=\{2\}$
$P(A B)=P(A \cap B)=\frac{1}{6}$
$P(A) P(B)=\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{4} \neq \frac{1}{6}$
$\Rightarrow $ $P(A) \cdot P(B) \neq P(A B)$
Therefore, $A$ bad $B$ are not independent.
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- [IIT 1990]