$1c{m^3}$ of water at its boiling point absorbs $540$ calories of heat to become steam with a volume of $1671c{m^3}$.If the atmospheric pressure = $1.013 \times {10^5}N/{m^2}$ and the mechanical equivalent of heat = $4.19J/calorie$, the energy spent in this process in overcoming intermolecular forces is ….. $cal$

In following figures $(a)$ to $(d)$, variation of volume by change of pressure is shown in figure. The gas is taken along the path $A B C D A$. Change in internal energy of the gas will be …….

In the $p-V$ diagram below, the dashed curved line is an adiabat.For a process that is described by a straight line joining two points $X$ and $Y$ on the adiabat (solid line in the diagram) heat is (Hint consider the variation in temperature from $X$ to $Y$ along the straight line)

One mole of an ideal gas goes from an initial state $A$ to final state $B$ via two processes : It first undergoes isothermal expansion from volume $V$ to $3\, V$ and then its volume is reduced from $3\, V$ to $V$ at constant pressure. The correct $P-V$ diagram representing the two processes is

The figure shows the $P-V$ plot of an ideal gas taken through a cycle $ABCDA.$ The part $ABC$ is a semicircle and $CDA$ is half of an ellipse. Then,