A radioactive decay chain starts from $_{93}N{p^{237}}$ and produces $_{90}T{h^{229}}$ by successive emissions. The emitted particles can be
Two $\alpha$- particles and one $\beta$- particle
Three ${\beta ^ + }$ particles
One $\alpha$ particle and two ${\beta ^ + }$ particles
One $\alpha$ particle and two ${\beta ^ - }$ particles
In a radioactive sample, ${ }_{10}^a K$ nuclei either decay into stable ${ }_{20}^{* 0} Ca$ nuclei with decay constant $4.5 \times 10^{-10}$ per year or into stable ${ }_{18}^{40}$ Ar muclei with decay constant $0.5 \times 10^{-10}$ per year. Given that in this sample all the stable ${ }_{20}^{\infty 0} Ca$ and ${ }_{15}^{20} Ar$ nuclei are produced by the ${ }_{19}^{* 0} K$ muclei only. In time $t \times 10^{\circ}$ years, if the ratio of the sum of stable ${ }_{30}^{40} Ca$ and ${ }_{15} \operatorname{An}$ nuclei to the radioactive ${ }_{19} K$ muclei is $99$ , the ralue of $t$ will be : [Given $\ln 10=2.3]$
A radioactive substance emits
The plot of the number $(N)$ of decayed atoms versus activity $(A)$ of a radioactive substance is
Carbon $ - 14$ decays with half-life of about $5,800\, years$. In a sample of bone, the ratio of carbon $ - 14$ to carbon $ - 12$ is found to be $\frac{1}{4}$ of what it is in free air. This bone may belong to a period about $x$ centuries ago, where $x$ is nearest to
Match the nuclear processes given in column $I$ with the appropriate option$(s)$ in column $II$
column $I$ | column $II$ |
$(A.)$Nuclear fusion | $(P.)$ Absorption of thermal neutrons by ${ }_{92}^{213} U$ |
$(B.)$Fission in a nuclear reactor | $(Q.)$ ${ }_{27}^{60} Co$ nucleus |
$(C.)$ $\beta$-decay | $(R.)$ Energy production in stars via hydrogen conversion to helium |
$(D.)$ $\gamma$-ray emission | $(S.)$ Heavy water |
$(T.)$ Neutrino emission |