Name the association in which one species produces poisonous substance or a  change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species.

What is a keystone species

Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that

Match the columns :

A female fig wasp enters the syconium of a fig, pollinates the flowers and lays eggs in the ovaries of some of the flowers. The young larvae grow up, eat (and kill) some, but not all of the seeds and complete their life cycle.

The fig is completely dependent on fig wasps to pollinate its flowers and the fig wasp requires figs to complete its life cycle

The interaction between figs and fig wasps has aspects of

$I.$ mutualism

$II.$ host-parasite interaction

$III.$ competition

$IV.$ ammensalism

$V.$ protocooperation

Select the correct option