Give difference : Bonding molecular orbital and antibonding molecular orbitals.
Give difference : Bonding molecular orbital and antibonding molecular orbitals.
| Bonding Molecular Orbitals ($BMO$) |
Antibonding Molecular Orbitals ($ABMO$) |
| It is in short $BMO$. Its wave function is express by $\psi_{\text {MO }}$. |
It is in short $ABMO$ its wave function is express by $\psi_{\text {MO }}^{*}$ |
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Definition: They are formed by the addition of atomic orbital is known of $BMO$. $\psi_{\mathrm{MO}}=\psi_{\mathrm{A}}+\psi_{\mathrm{B}}$ |
Definition : They are formed by the substractive effect of the atomic orbitals is known $ABMO.$ |
| Qualitative, the formation of $BMO$ can be understood in terms of the constructive of the electron waves of the combining atoms and reinforce each other. |
$\psi^{*}$ MO $=\psi_{\text {A }}$ - $\psi_{\text {B }}$ Qualitative, the formation of $ABMO$ can be under- stood in terms of the destructive interference of the electron waves of the combining atoms and cancel each other. |
| As a result, the electron density in a $BMO$ is located between the nuclei of the bonded atoms because of which the repulsing between the nuclei is very less. |
In case of an $ABMO$, most of the electron density is located away from the space between the nuclei
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| The nodal plane is not present in $BMO.$ |
There is a nodal plane (on which electron density is zero) between the nuclei. |
| Electron placed in a $BMO$ tend to hold the nuclei together and stabilize a molecule. | The electron placed in the $ABMO$ destabilize the molecule. |
| A $BMO$ always possesses lower energy than either the atomic orbitals that have combined to from it. | The $ABMO$ always possesses higher of energy than either of the atomic orbitals that have combined to form it |
| In $BMO$, the repulsion between electron-electron is less than the attraction between electron and nuclei, So energy is less of $BMO$. | In$ABMO$, repulsion of electron is more than the attraction between the electrons and the nuclei, which causes a not increase energy. |
| BMO is stable. e.g. $\sigma$ and $\pi$ are $BMO$. | $\mathrm{ABMO}$ is unstable. e.g. $\sigma^{*}$ and $\pi^{*}$ are $ABMO$. |
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The bond order of $O_2^ + $ is the same as in
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