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Question

(a): Haemophilia is sex&shy;linked disease which is also known as bleeder&rsquo;s disease as the patient will continue to bleed even from a minor cut

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Vedclass · Answer

(a): Haemophilia is sex&shy;linked disease which is also known as bleeder&rsquo;s disease as the patient will continue to bleed even from a minor cut since he or she does not possess the natural phenomenon of blood clotting due to absence of antihaemophiliac globulin or factor $VIII$ (haemophilia -$A$) and plasma thromboplastin factor $IX$ (haemophilia-$B$, Christmas disease) essential for it. As a result of continuous bleeding the patient may die of blood loss. It is geneticallydue to the presence ofa recessive sex linked gene $h$, carried by $X$-&shy;chromosome. A female becomes haemophiliac only when both of her $X$-&shy;chromosomes carry the gene $(X^hX^h)$. However, such females generally die before birth because the combination of these two recessive alleles is lethal. A female having only one allele for haemophilia $(XX^h)$ appears normal because the allele for normal blood clotting present on the other X&shy;chromosome is dominant. Such females are known as carriers. In case of males, a single gene for the defect is able to express itself as the $Y$&shy; chromosome is devoid of any corresponding allele $(X^hY)$.

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