10-1.Thermometry, Thermal Expansion and Calorimetry
normal

Solids expand on heating because ................

A

Kinetic energy of atom increases

B

Potential energy of atom increases

C

Total energy of atom increases

D

The potential energy curve is asymmetric about the equilibrium distance between neighbouring atoms

Solution

(d)

The expansion of solids can be well understood by potential energy curve for two adjacent atoms in a crystalline solid as a function of their inter nuclear separation (r).

At ordinary temperature : Each molecule of the solid vibrate about it's equilibrium position $P_1$ between $A$ and $B$ ( $r_0$ is the equilibrium distance of it from some other molecule)

At high temperature : Amplitude of vibration increase $( C \leftrightarrow$ Dand $E \leftrightarrow F )$.

Due to asymmetry of the curve, the equilibrium positions $\left( P _2\right.$ and $\left.P _3\right)$ of molecule displaced. Hence it's distance from other molecule increases $\left( r _2 > \right.$ $r _1 > r _0$ ) Thus, on raising the temperature, the average equilibrium distance between the molecules increases and the solid as a whole expands.

Standard 11
Physics

Similar Questions

Start a Free Trial Now

Confusing about what to choose? Our team will schedule a demo shortly.