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ઘન પદાર્થને ગરમ કરવાથી પ્રસરણ પામે છે કારણ કે,
કણોની ગતિ ઉર્જા વધે છે.
કણોની સંભવિત ઉર્જા વધે છે.
અણુઓની કુલ ઉર્જા વધે છે
સંભવીત ઉર્જાના આલેખ એ સંતુલનબિંદુથી પાડોશી પરમાણુનું અંતર અરેખીય હોય છે.
Solution
(d)
The expansion of solids can be well understood by potential energy curve for two adjacent atoms in a crystalline solid as a function of their inter nuclear separation (r).
At ordinary temperature : Each molecule of the solid vibrate about it's equilibrium position $P_1$ between $A$ and $B$ ( $r_0$ is the equilibrium distance of it from some other molecule)
At high temperature : Amplitude of vibration increase $( C \leftrightarrow$ Dand $E \leftrightarrow F )$.
Due to asymmetry of the curve, the equilibrium positions $\left( P _2\right.$ and $\left.P _3\right)$ of molecule displaced. Hence it's distance from other molecule increases $\left( r _2 > \right.$ $r _1 > r _0$ ) Thus, on raising the temperature, the average equilibrium distance between the molecules increases and the solid as a whole expands.
